Catalog
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| Issuer | Timurid Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1490-1506 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | The obverse field is entirely occupied by the Kalima shahada in bold Nasta'liq-influenced Arabic script, arranged in a central panel flanked by four surrounding compartments each bearing the names and honorific epithets of the four Rashidun Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali). The inscription fills the flan to its irregular edges with no border of pellets or decorative frame, characteristic of the post-reform Timurid hammered coinage. The script is deeply struck, with overlapping letterforms creating a dense, layered epigraphic composition across the entire field. |
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| Obverse lettering | لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (Translation: lā ilāha illā Allāh / Muḥammad rasūl Allāh — There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the apostle of Allah) |
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| Edge | Plain |
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