The Arabshahid dynasty established itself in Khiva after the fragmentation of Shaybanid power, and Hajji Muhammad I ruled through a period of persistent instability along the Oxus, with competing Uzbek tribal confederacies pressing the khanate from multiple directions. Coinage from his reign is poorly documented in Western references — Album's listing under M3008 reflects how little systematic die study has been done on this series.
The forty-four year span attributed to his reign accounts for the range on this issue rather than a single mint date.
The Arabshahid dynasty established itself in Khiva after the fragmentation of Shaybanid power, and Hajji Muhammad I ruled through a period of persistent instability along the Oxus, with competing Uzbek tribal confederacies pressing the khanate from multiple directions. Coinage from his reign is poorly documented in Western references — Album's listing under M3008 reflects how little systematic die study has been done on this series.
The forty-four year span attributed to his reign accounts for the range on this issue rather than a single mint date.