Talar toruński - Władysław IV Waza Toruń mint

The Toruń mint operated under a royal privilege granted to the city, one of the few municipal mints in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth permitted to strike talar-weight silver. Władysław IV's reign saw sustained military expenditure — the Smolensk War had already drained the treasury, and by the mid-1640s the king was engineering an ambitious but ultimately stillborn crusade against the Ottomans, requiring constant negotiation with the Sejm over funds.

The five Kopernik reference numbers span distinct die pairings across the final years of his reign, ending with his death in May 1648. Toruń talars from this run are notably variable in strike quality due to the municipal mint's inconsistent die preparation — a known characteristic, not an anomaly of individual specimens.