Sterling - John II of Leuven

John II of Leuven acquired Herstal through his marriage to Alix de Courtenay around 1310, grafting a minor Brabantine noble onto a lordship that had cycled through several hands over the preceding century. His sterling issues fall squarely within the broader Low Countries imitation-sterling phenomenon — the decades following Edward I's currency reforms generated an extraordinary proliferation of penny-weight silver across the region, as local lords minted to fill gaps left by inconsistent Flemish and Brabantine supply.

The Dengis reference pinning this type is among the more reliable frameworks for Herstal attribution, though the overlapping Lucas and Van Hende citations reflect how long this series resisted systematic classification.