Catalog
| Issuer | Pheneos |
|---|---|
| Year | 360 BC - 350 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Stater = 3 Drachm |
| Currency | Drachm |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 12.13 g |
| Diameter | |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | BCD Peloponnesos#1617, BostonMFA#1265 |
| Obverse description | Head of Demeter to right, wearing grain wreath, elaborate disc and crescent earring with pendants, and pearl necklace |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | |
| Obverse lettering | |
| Reverse description | Hermes, nude but for his petasos and for a cloak over his shoulders, partially facing and moving to the left, holding a kerykeion in his right hand. His head is turned back to right to gaze at the infant Arkas, whom he holds on his left arm with his left hand and who raises his right hand towards Hermes’ face |
| Reverse script | Greek |
| Reverse lettering | ΦΕΝΕΩΝ |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (360 BC - 350 BC) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 7872576340 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: This silver stater from Pheneos, struck between 360 and 350 BC, places it within the tumultuous Late Classical period of ancient Greece. Pheneos, an Arcadian city-state in the Peloponnese, navigated a complex political landscape marked by shifting hegemonies. The issuance of such a high-value denomination suggests Pheneos possessed economic stability and autonomy, likely facilitating trade, civic expenditures, or military engagements within the Arcadian League or broader regional conflicts during this era of shifting alliances.
Artistry: While no specific engraver is attributed, this stater exemplifies the refined artistry of the Late Classical style. The obverse typically features a finely rendered head of Persephone, often adorned with a wreath, showcasing a naturalistic yet idealized portrayal with delicate features. The reverse commonly depicts a powerful butting bull, often representing a local river god or agricultural prosperity, executed with dynamic energy and anatomical precision. The overall design reflects advanced sculptural techniques prevalent in the Peloponnese, emphasizing detail and expressive form.
Technical/Grading: Weighing 12.13 grams, this stater is struck on a substantial silver flan, consistent with the Aeginetan weight standard. Key high-points susceptible to wear, such as Persephone's hair and facial contours or the bull's head and musculature, are crucial for assessing condition. A strong strike reveals crisp details in these areas. The impressive weight suggests excellent preservation, indicating minimal circulation wear or loss of metal. Examination for die breaks, flan imperfections, and centering would further inform its technical quality and numismatic grade.