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Stater

Issuer Phokaia
Year 625 BC - 522 BC
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Reference(s) Bodenstedt Em. 1-3; SNG von Aulock 2111
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Obverse script Greek
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Edge Plain
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Additional information

Phokaia's early electrum coinage predates the city's catastrophic abandonment in 546 BC, when its citizens chose mass emigration over submission to the Persian-backed siege of Harpagos. The natural electrum used here — alluvial gold-silver alloy sourced almost certainly from the Pactolus river valley trade network — has a variable gold content across specimens, which is why Bodenstedt's emissions classifications remain the primary tool for attributing these pieces: the electrum composition itself shifts enough between dies to complicate authentication without comparative analysis.

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