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Sestertius - Hadrian COS III P P INDVLGENTIA AVG S C, Indulgentia
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 129-130 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 25 g |
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| Reverse description | The personification of Indulgentia is depicted seated to the left upon a throne or chair of state, her right arm extended forward with an open hand in a gesture of clemency and beneficence, while her left hand holds a long vertical sceptre. A subsidiary figure, likely a kneeling supplicant, appears before her, reinforcing the iconographic theme of imperial pardon and generosity. The legend COS III P P INDVLGENTIA AVG is distributed around the periphery, with the senatorial authorization mark S C prominently placed in the exergue or lower field. The reverse type is associated with Hadrian's celebrated acts of debt remission and general indulgence toward the Roman populace, events commemorated on coinage of 128–130 AD. |
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| Reverse lettering | COS III P P INDVLGENTIA AVG S C (Translation: Consul Tertium, Pater Patriae, Indulgentia Augusti. Senatus Consultum. Consul for the third time, father of the nation. Indulgence of the emperor (Augustus). Decree of the senate.) |
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| Additional information |
The INDVLGENTIA issue commemorates a formal act of imperial remission — Hadrian's cancellation of outstanding tax debts owed to the Roman state, a gesture he staged publicly in the Forum of Trajan around 118–119 AD and again later in his reign. The actual debt records, reportedly amounting to 900 million sesterces, were burned in the Forum to prevent future collection. This sestertius belongs to the later COS III group, meaning it was struck well after the original cancellation, using the act as ongoing political currency rather than immediate commemoration.