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| Issuer | Lordship of Mesocco (Johann Jakob Trivulzio) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1487-1518 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ✥ IO · IA · TRIVL · M · VIGLE · |
| Reverse description | Central field features an ornate cross with flared or floriated terminals, set within a beaded inner circle. The cross arms are decorated with foliate flourishes, typical of the late 15th to early 16th century Lombard minting style. The surrounding peripheral legend, partially legible, reads ET · FRAN · MARESC and references the co-issuer Francesco, Marshal (Maresciallo), continuing the dynastic and feudal titulature of the Trivulzio family. The overall execution is characteristic of small-denomination hammered billon issues of the Mesocco lordship. |
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| Additional information |
Johann Jakob Trivulzio was one of the most consequential condottieri of the Italian Wars — a Milanese nobleman who switched allegiance to France and commanded the army that crushed Ludovico Sforza at Novara in 1500. His lordship over Mesocco in the Graubünden came through inheritance and was legally contested for much of his tenure. These small billon pieces were struck across a thirty-year window during which Trivulzio was almost perpetually on campaign, administering his Alpine territories largely at a distance from the French court and the Italian battlefields that consumed his attention.