Sesino - Alfonso II Late bust

Historical Context: The Sesino, bearing the "late bust" of Alfonso II d'Este, was issued by the Duchy of Ferrara between 1590 and 1597. This period represents the final, poignant years of the Este family's independent rule over Ferrara. Alfonso II, the last Este Duke, died childless in 1597, leading to the direct incorporation of Ferrara into the Papal States. This billon coin, a low-denomination workhorse of daily commerce, thus serves as a tangible numismatic testament to the twilight of Ferrarese sovereignty.

Artistry: While specific engravers for such common billon issues are often unrecorded, the coin's design reflects the prevailing late Renaissance and early Mannerist aesthetic of Italian ducal mints. The obverse features a mature, "late bust" portrait of Alfonso II, conveying his ducal authority. The reverse typically displays a simplified ducal symbol, such as a cross or an Este eagle, characteristic of low-value coinage intended for wide circulation, prioritizing clarity over intricate detail.

Technical/Grading: As a billon issue of small module (17mm) and light weight (0.95g), the Sesino often exhibits technical limitations. High points on the obverse, such as the duke's hair, ear, and the highest folds of his drapery, are frequently weakly struck or subject to wear. The reverse design, if a cross or crest, will show wear on its central elements. Expect variable strike quality, potential off-centering, and planchet imperfections, which are common for this alloy and denomination.