Semis

Kastilo was one of the wealthiest cities in Hispania Ulterior, its prosperity rooted in the silver and lead mines of the upper Baetis valley — the same mineral wealth that made the region a strategic prize contested by Carthage and Rome across decades of war. This semis belongs to a municipal bronze coinage issued under Roman oversight after the conclusion of the Second Punic War, as local Iberian communities were permitted to strike fractional bronze for regional commerce while Rome monopolized silver. The chronological bracket assigned to this type reflects ongoing debate; the range 154–133 BC encompasses the Celtiberian Wars and ends with the fall of Numantia.