Catalog
Semis
| Issuer | Kastilo, City of |
|---|---|
| Year | 154 BC - 133 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Diademed male head facing right, the diadem adorned with infulae (pendant ribbons) falling behind the neck, rendered in a Hispanicized Hellenistic style with short, curly hair. The magistrate's legend CN VOC • ST • F appears in the field to the right of the portrait, identifying the issuing duovir. The whole is enclosed within a dotted border. The portrait exhibits the broad, somewhat flat modelling characteristic of Iberian civic bronze coinage of the mid-second century BC. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Kastilo was one of the wealthiest cities in Hispania Ulterior, its prosperity rooted in the silver and lead mines of the upper Baetis valley — the same mineral wealth that made the region a strategic prize contested by Carthage and Rome across decades of war. This semis belongs to a municipal bronze coinage issued under Roman oversight after the conclusion of the Second Punic War, as local Iberian communities were permitted to strike fractional bronze for regional commerce while Rome monopolized silver. The chronological bracket assigned to this type reflects ongoing debate; the range 154–133 BC encompasses the Celtiberian Wars and ends with the fall of Numantia.