Sceat

Frisian sceats of Metcalf's Series E were produced at trading settlements along the Rhine delta and Wadden coast, most likely at Dorestad, which functioned as the dominant North Sea emporium through the eighth century until Viking raids began dismantling it in the 830s. These coins moved along established commercial routes connecting Frisia to Anglo-Saxon England, Frankish markets, and Scandinavian traders — their distribution patterns in archaeological finds have done more to map early medieval North Sea trade than almost any documentary source.

Series E is distinguished from contemporary Anglo-Saxon sceat issues partly by its findspot clustering in the Netherlands and Denmark rather than England.