Rose Nobel

Kampen's rose nobles were struck in deliberate imitation of the English gold noble — a calculated commercial move by a city whose merchant class depended on trade credibility across the North Sea markets. The Holy Roman Empire technically prohibited such imitative coinage, but Kampen, like several other IJssel towns, continued producing them well into the seventeenth century under the cover of imperial city status and local mint rights that were aggressively defended against central authority.

By 1600, the English prototype this coin mimics had been out of production for over a century, which tells you everything about how slowly monetary conservatism moves in mercantile communities.