Rose Noble

Kampen's gold coinage of the late sixteenth century occupied an awkward legal position: the city held minting rights as an imperial free city but repeatedly pushed beyond the weight and fineness tolerances set by imperial mint ordinances. The Rose Noble was an outright imitation of the English gold noble, struck specifically because the English original had earned enough commercial trust in North Sea trade networks that merchants preferred it — or something indistinguishable from it — over domestic issues. Kampen was not alone in this; several Low Countries towns produced similar imitations, which prompted ongoing complaints to the Reichskammergericht.

The franchise effectively ended under pressure from imperial authorities around the close of the sixteenth century.