Catalog
Regular AE - Tamar I without date formula
| Issuer | Kingdom of Georgia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Reverse script | Arabic |
| Reverse lettering | ملكة الملكات جلال الدنيا والدين تامار ابنة كيوري ظهير المسيح (Translation: Queen of queens Glory of the world and faith Tamar, daughter of Giorgi Follower of the Messiah) |
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| Additional information |
Tamar's copper issues present a persistent attribution headache. The absence of a date formula on this type — unlike the regnal-dated variants — places it within an ongoing scholarly debate over whether undated pieces precede or follow the introduction of the Georgian era dating system under her reign. Tamar ruled from 1184 to 1213, a period that saw Georgian territorial expansion into Armenia, Anatolia, and parts of Persia, and her copper coinage circulated across a correspondingly wide geographic range.
Die axis consistency across surviving examples of this type is notably poor, suggesting decentralized or episodic striking.