Real Grosso - Afonso V King of Portugal, Castilla and Leon

Historical Context: The Real Grosso of Afonso V (1475-1479) is a numismatic testament to the War of the Castilian Succession. Afonso V, "the African," asserted his claim to the Castilian throne for his wife, Joanna la Beltraneja, against Isabella I. The coin's implicit reference to his claim as "King of Portugal, Castilla and Leon" directly reflects this ambition and the significant military expenditures. Struck at .916 fineness, this silver issue represents an effort to maintain monetary stability amidst wartime economic pressures.

Artistry: Coinage from this Portuguese era, including the Real Grosso, adheres predominantly to the late Gothic stylistic tradition. Specific engravers are largely unrecorded; designs were executed by skilled mint masters. Typical motifs feature the royal arms—a crowned shield (quina) on one side—and a cross (frequently the Order of Christ) on the reverse. Legends, usually in Latin, proclaim the monarch's full titles. The aesthetic prioritizes heraldic clarity and regal symbolism over intricate artistic detail.

Technical/Grading: For this Real Grosso type (Gomes#A5.36.01 to A5 46.01), crucial grading points include the sharpness of central devices, particularly the royal shield's quinas and crown details, often weakly struck or worn. The legibility of the surrounding legend, especially the extended royal titles, is paramount, as sections are frequently off-flan or poorly impressed. Planchet quality, often irregular, also impacts grade. A well-centered strike with minimal double striking and a clear rendering of the reverse cross are highly desirable attributes for superior examples.