Quadruple Pistole - Frederic Henry

The Principality of Orange was a tiny sovereign enclave entirely surrounded by French territory, and its rulers' right to strike gold coinage was a point of constant political friction with the French crown. Frederic Henry of Nassau, as Prince of Orange, exercised that minting privilege aggressively — partly as a statement of independence, partly because the Dutch-aligned principality needed hard currency for the grinding Eighty Years' War still under way against Spain.

The multiple reference numbers here reflect genuine die variation across the type, catalogued separately by Delmonte and Dh Orange. Two distinct varieties are distinguished by minor differences in the legends.