Qirsh - Mahmud II

Mahmud II's Egyptian coinage of this period reflects the administrative chaos following the Ottoman-Egyptian conflict with Muhammad Ali, who by the 1830s effectively controlled Egypt as a semi-autonomous ruler while nominally striking coins in the sultan's name. The 1834–35 dating places this issue in the aftermath of the Convention of Kütahya, which temporarily resolved hostilities but left the political relationship between Istanbul and Cairo deeply unresolved. Egyptian mints under Muhammad Ali's control operated with considerable independence from Ottoman standards during these years.