Qirsh - Mahmud II

Obverse description	Central field bears the ornate tughra (imperial cipher) of Sultan Mahmud II in raised Arabic calligraphy, enclosed within an oval cartouche. Surrounding the central device is an elaborate interlaced strapwork border forming a rosette pattern of overlapping curved bands, with small clusters of pellets (representing flower buds or fruit) positioned in each of the resulting compartments around the periphery. The overall design reflects the Ottoman decorative aesthetic characteristic of early 19th-century Egyptian coinage.
Obverse script	Arabic
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Reverse description	Central field contains three lines of Arabic script in raised relief, reading the mint formula with the regnal year above and the Hijri accession year below, all enclosed within an oval cartouche. The same elaborate interlaced strapwork border with pellet clusters seen on the obverse frames the reverse design, maintaining a consistent decorative register around the entire coin. The inscriptions record the place of striking (Misr/Egypt), the accession year 1223 AH, and the regnal year (varying by issue from year 21 to year 27).
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