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Qanhari Dirham 'Damma' - Al-Hakam ibn 'Awana
| Uitgever | Umayyad Governors of Sind |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 730-740 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Dirham (854-1011) |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | The obverse field is dominated by the Islamic shahada in bold, angular Kufic script arranged in two lines: 'la ilaha illa Allah' (there is no god but God). The lettering is large and occupies the majority of the flan, executed in a characteristically archaic Sindhi-Kufic style with elongated vertical strokes. A decorative pellet or dot device appears at the lower field beneath the inscription. The entire design is enclosed within a beaded border of uniform pellets, consistent with the Qanhari hammered coinage tradition of early Umayyad Sind. |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Schrift keerzijde | Arabic |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Al-Hakam ibn 'Awana governed Sind during one of the most contested periods of Arab administration in the subcontinent, following the initial conquest under Muhammad ibn Qasim in 711. The Qanhari dirham — sometimes called a damma — was a radically reduced silver fraction developed specifically for local exchange in Sind, where Arab monetary norms collided with pre-existing Indo-Sassanian commercial habits. At under half a gram, these pieces circulated in an economy where the standard Islamic dirham was simply too large a unit for everyday transactions.
Ibn 'Awana's tenure saw repeated tribal unrest and military pressure along the Indus frontier. Surviving specimens are genuinely scarce.