Qanhari Dirham 'Damma' - Abd al-Mansur al-Mu'askar

The Qanhari dynasty ruled a shrinking corner of Sindh during a period when Ghaznavid pressure from the north had already dismembered much of the region's political coherence. These fractional silver pieces — the damma being a sub-dirham unit rooted in pre-Islamic Sindhi weight traditions — circulated in a local economy increasingly isolated from the broader Islamic monetary networks. Abd al-Mansur al-Mu'askar's reign falls squarely within the generation after Mahmud of Ghazni's campaigns had reshaped the subcontinent's northwest, leaving successor states like the Qanhari to mint on a drastically reduced scale.