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Qandhari Dirham 'Damma' - Muhammad I ibn 'Abd al-Rahman
| Issuer | Sind |
|---|---|
| Year | 901-925 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | لله / محمد / رسول / الله / محمد |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
The "damma" designation refers to the fractional silver coinage of Sind, a denomination shaped by the region's persistent use of pre-Islamic weight standards long after Arab governors took control following Muhammad ibn Qasim's conquest in 711. By the tenth century, Sind operated as a semi-autonomous emirate increasingly detached from Abbasid authority, and its coinage reflects that isolation — local in weight, hybrid in style, answering to no central mint administration.
Muhammad I ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ruled the Habbarid dynasty during a period of acute fragmentation across the subcontinent's northwestern frontier.