Pulo - Vasily I Dmitriyevich Moscow

Vasily I ruled Moscow from 1389 to 1425, navigating the collapsing authority of the Golden Horde while simultaneously consolidating Muscovite commercial reach. The pulo was the smallest denomination in circulation — a fractional copper struck to facilitate petty trade in markets where silver wire money (the contemporaneous denga) was simply too valuable for everyday transactions. These pieces were not struck to tight standards; weight and flan quality varied considerably by intent, not accident.

HP I#212 places this among the earlier Muscovite copper issues, a series that remains poorly systematized compared to the silver coinage of the same period.