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Pulo - Vasily I Dmitriyevich Bird left / Arabic legend imitation
| Issuer | Moscow, Grand principality of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1403-1412 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | ПЕYАТЬ ВЕЛНКОГО КNѦZѦ (Translation: Seal of the Grand Prince.) |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
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| Mint | Moscow |
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| Additional information |
Vasily I inherited a Moscow treasury still recovering from the devastation of Tokhtamysh's 1382 sack of the city, and his copper puli occupied the lowest rung of a bimetallic system where silver denga were too valuable for small transactions. The Arabic legends on these pieces are not functional text — they are decorative imitations, a carry-over from Mongol monetary conventions that Moscow's moneyers reproduced without literacy in the script, resulting in meaningless pseudo-kufic that varies substantially die to die.
Hrostretsky-Petrunin II#1410 places this type within a loose decade-long bracket, reflecting the near impossibility of precise dating for copper issues of this principality.