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Pul - temp Toqta Qrim mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1293 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1227-1502) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | Central field bearing the dynastic tamgha of the Golden Horde, a stylized heraldic symbol serving as the sovereign emblem, rendered in bold relief within an arc or partial border. Arabic legends in the field denote the mint name Qrim (Crimea). The design is characteristic of the utilitarian style employed for copper pul coinage, with the tamgha occupying the primary position and the mint inscription arranged in the surrounding field. Strike and centering are irregular, consistent with the hammered technique and improvised dies typical of this series. |
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| Additional information |
Toqta seized the Golden Horde khanate in 1291 after orchestrating the death of his predecessor Telebuga, and the Qrim mint was among the first to acknowledge his authority in copper. These early puls from 1293 place the issue within the first two years of a reign that would last until 1312 — a reign notable for Toqta's eventual rupture with the Ilkhanate and his brutal suppression of the Genoese traders at Caffa in 1307.