Pul 'Qutlug Bulsun - Tamga in triangle' Anonymous Bulghar mint

Anonymous copper puls of the Golden Horde present consistent attribution problems, and this type is no exception — the "Qutlug Bulsun" inscription (meaning roughly "may it be auspicious") appears across multiple mints and overlapping reigns, making precise dating within the 1290–1332 window largely a matter of die-study and hoard context rather than direct documentation. The Bulghar mint on the Volga was one of the Horde's most productive copper-striking facilities, supplying petty coinage for a market economy that functioned well below the silver level.