Pul 'Jochi tamga on both sides' - temp. Mangu Timur Qrim mint

Historical Context: The Pul 'Jochi tamga on both sides' was issued during Mangu Timur's reign (1267-1282), a pivotal era for the Golden Horde. Mangu Timur asserted significant independence from the Great Khans, solidifying the realm's distinct identity. Struck at the economically vital Qrim mint, this copper pul's design, featuring the dynastic Jochi tamga on both obverse and reverse, powerfully legitimizes the khan's rule and lineage. It signifies the direct ancestral claim to Chinggis Khan through Jochi, even without a personal name.

Artistry: The artistry of this anonymous issue embodies the early Golden Horde numismatic tradition. While influenced by Islamic epigraphy, the primary stylistic focus is clear communication of dynastic authority through Mongol symbolism. The Jochi tamga, prominently displayed on both sides, serves as the coin's central design element and a direct visual assertion of the ruling lineage. This simplicity, typical for copper puls, ensured rapid production and widespread recognition for local commerce, prioritizing function.

Technical/Grading: As a copper pul, examples often exhibit considerable variability in strike quality and planchet preparation. Key high-points for grading include the clarity and completeness of the Jochi tamga on both sides. A well-struck specimen displays the tamga fully rendered with sharp contours, despite common irregular flans and off-center strikes. Copper's inherent softness and susceptibility to degradation mean that surface preservation, free from significant corrosion or heavy wear, is also critical for assessing technical quality.