Pul 'Five-rays star with tamga of Batu' - temp. Muhammad Uzbeg Bulghar mint

Muhammad Uzbeg Khan's forty-year reign transformed the Golden Horde into a Sunni Islamic state, and his monetary policy reflected that ambition — silver dirhams proliferated, but the copper pul coinage of regional mints like Bulghar served local markets where silver simply didn't circulate. The tamga of Batu, dynastic symbol of the founding khan, was still being struck onto low-denomination copper more than a century after Batu established the western steppe khanate, a striking demonstration of how that genealogical claim remained politically useful.

Bulghar on the Volga was one of the northernmost significant minting centers in the medieval Islamic world.