Pul 'Crescent moon/4 tamgas' - temp. before Muhammad Uzbeg Qrim mint

Qrim — modern Staryi Krym in Crimea — was among the earliest and most commercially active mints of the Golden Horde, operating well before the administrative consolidation under Uzbeg Khan after 1313. The precise attribution of these undated copper puls to the pre-Uzbeg period rests largely on typological sequencing rather than documentary evidence, which is why the bracket spans nearly five decades. Lebedev's classification of this type as m21 places it within a group distinguished by tamga combinations that predate the standardization Uzbeg imposed on Horde coinage.

Copper issues from this mint and period circulated almost exclusively at the local bazaar level.