Pul 'Bird-head tamga' - Abdallah Azaq mint

Abdallah Khan's reign over the western Golden Horde ran parallel to the chaos of the "Great Troubles" — a period of near-continuous dynastic civil war in which more than twenty khans claimed authority between 1359 and 1380. Azaq, the port town the Genoese knew as Tana, was one of the few mints that continued functioning through this instability, its output reflecting the fragmented authority of whoever held the lower Volga steppe at any given moment. The bird-head tamga on this copper pul served as a dynastic marker distinguishing Abdallah's legitimacy claim from rival issues circulating simultaneously.