Prutah - Alexander Jannaeus Overstruck

Historical Context: Alexander Jannaeus, who ruled Judea from 104 to 76 BC, was a pivotal Hasmonean king and high priest. His reign saw military expansion and internal strife. Bronze Prutahs, like Hendin 1149, were fundamental to the Judean economy. The "overstruck" nature of this coin is crucial, reflecting either pragmatic reuse of existing flans due to metal scarcity or a deliberate assertion of authority by obliterating previous iconography. This practice underscores the dynamic political and economic pressures of his era.

Artistry: The artistry of Hasmonean coinage, including this Prutah, is utilitarian, typical of local mints. Engravers were local artisans, adhering to Jewish aniconic traditions while incorporating Hellenistic motifs. The standard design for Hendin 1149 features an anchor on the obverse, often with Greek legend "BASILEWS ALEXANDROU," symbolizing royal authority. The reverse typically displays an eight-rayed star, possibly a dynastic emblem, encircled by a Hebrew inscription "Yehonatan the King." The overstruck aspect means earlier coin designs are often visible beneath these symbols.

Technical/Grading: This bronze Prutah, weighing 1.801 grams, presents distinct technical characteristics for grading. The most notable feature is its overstruck nature; the clarity and extent of the undertype visible beneath the new strike are critical. High-points for wear assessment include the anchor's flukes and stock, and the star's central boss and ray tips. Hasmonean Prutahs are frequently off-center and exhibit irregular flans, impacting legend and device completeness. A weak strike is common, leading to flat areas. Preservation of the original patina, typically dark brown or green, is also a significant factor.