Pougeoise - Girard Grenier

The Lordship of Sidon was one of the four principal crusader lordships of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Grenier family — who held it through much of the twelfth century — were among the more administratively active of the crusader nobility. This small copper issue circulated in a coastal trading city with deep Phoenician roots, where Byzantine, Fatimid, and Frankish monetary traditions overlapped in practice if not in design policy. Metcalf's attribution places it firmly within the Girard Grenier period, though the precise regnal boundaries within that date range remain contested among crusader numismatists.