Półtorak / 3 Polker - Sigismund III Vasa Wilno mint

The półtorak — literally "one and a half grosz" — was introduced in the Commonwealth around 1614 as a direct response to the flood of debased foreign small silver, particularly inferior Prussian and Brandenburg issues, that had been displacing domestic coinage in everyday trade. The Wilno mint operated under the authority of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and ran its own dies, which accounts for the distinct mintmaster marks that allow attribution to specific officials. Górecki's cataloguing of the Wilno series remains the authoritative reference precisely because the die combinations for this mint are numerous and the distinctions between them subtle.

The 1619 date falls within a period of relatively stable output before the monetary chaos of the 1620s thoroughly degraded the półtorak standard across all Commonwealth mints.