Półtorak / 3 Polker - Sigismund III Vasa Bydgoszcz mint

The półtorak — worth one and a half grosz — was introduced under Sigismund III Vasa as a practical response to chronic small-change shortages that had plagued Polish markets since the mid-sixteenth century. The Bydgoszcz mint ran these at high volume through the 1620s, and the sheer quantity produced has led to a wide spread of die varieties being catalogued; Górecki's classification system for this series reflects just how granular that variation becomes. The 1620 date sits near the productive peak of the Bydgoszcz operation before quality controls loosened noticeably in later years.