Półgrosz koronny / Z MIEDZI KRAIOWEY / - Stanisław August Poniatowski Warszawa mint

The "z miedzi kraiowey" inscription — meaning "of domestic copper" — was a deliberate political statement. Poland's copper coinage had long depended on foreign metal, and Poniatowski's treasury made a point of advertising the shift to domestically sourced material during the 1780s reforms. The phrase appeared on these minor copper issues as a form of economic nationalism at a moment when the Commonwealth's sovereignty was already being squeezed from every direction by its neighbors.

Kopicki 2175 places this among the later Warsaw półgrosz issues. The domestic copper used in these strikes was notoriously inconsistent in purity, which contributes to the surface granularity seen across the type.