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Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1230 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Frontal bust of a bishop with both hands raised in a gesture of benediction or elevation, supporting a domed structure flanked by two towers — an architectural motif representing a church or cathedral facade. A star appears above the central dome. The entire design is enclosed within a double beaded circle, emphasizing the ecclesiastical and heraldic character of this Friesacher Pfennig type. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Friesacher Pfennige were struck by a rotating cast of ecclesiastical and secular lords across the broader Friesach network, making precise attribution notoriously difficult — the Peilenstein issues are among the least documented in the series. The type circulated extensively across the eastern Alpine trade routes and deep into the Balkans, where Friesach pennies became the dominant mercantile currency of the region through much of the thirteenth century, accepted far beyond any single issuer's political reach.
The CNA Cq15 designation reflects continued scholarly uncertainty; dies were shared, copied, and imitated so freely across mints that individual attribution often rests on minute stylistic differences rather than any explicit mint signature.