Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein

Friesach pfennigs were among the most widely circulated silver coins in Central Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, accepted across trade routes stretching from the Alpine passes into the Levantine markets. The Peilenstein mint operated under episcopal rather than ducal authority for much of this period, which complicates attribution — the "undetermined marks" designation reflects a genuine scholarly impasse, not a cataloging gap that later research has resolved.

CNA Cq27 sits in a cluster of closely related bracteate-influenced pfennig types where die linkage studies have so far failed to produce clean mint assignments.