Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein

Friesach pfennigs were among the most commercially important coins in the medieval Central European trade network, circulated far beyond their Alpine origin into the Balkans and the Levant — crusader accounts record their use as far as the Holy Land. The Peilenstein attribution places this piece within a contested minting geography: Peilenstein castle, held by the Bishops of Freising, operated as a secondary mint drawing directly on Friesach's established weight standard rather than local authority.

The CNA Cq36 classification groups several die variants whose precise attribution remains unsettled among specialists.