Pfennig - Otto III

Otto III ruled Lower Bavaria during a period of near-constant territorial friction with his cousins in Upper Bavaria, the dynasty fractured by the 1255 partition of the Wittelsbach lands. These small bracteate-style pfennigs circulated within a politically fragmented duchy that would not be reunified under a single Wittelsbach duke until 1340. The thin silver fabric makes survivors particularly vulnerable to edge splits and lamination — a structural weakness inherent to the regional minting practice rather than any specific die failure.