Pfennig - Friedrich II

Friedrich II of Austria — "der Streitbare," the Quarrelsome — spent much of his reign in open conflict with Emperor Frederick II, the Hungarian king, and his own nobility simultaneously. His death at the Battle of the Leitha in 1246 ended the Babenberg line entirely, triggering a succession crisis that would eventually deliver Austria to the Habsburgs. Bracteate-style pfennigs of this period circulated in a fragmented regional economy where ecclesiastical and secular lords struck competing coinages, making attribution to specific issuing moments within the 1230–1250 window essentially impossible without hoard context.