Pfennig - Frederick II of Austria

Frederick II of Austria — "the Quarrelsome" — spent much of his reign in open conflict with Emperor Frederick II, Pope Gregory IX, and his own nobility simultaneously. The Duchy of Merania itself was a fragmented, contested territory straddling the eastern Alpine reaches, and coinage from this period reflects that instability: small bracteate-influenced pfennigs struck under uncertain authority, circulating in a region where political control shifted faster than dies could be recut.

CNA Ci21 places this type within a narrow attributional window, the assignment to Frederick resting largely on regional die-style analysis rather than explicit documentary evidence.