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Pfennig Carniola and borderland coinage

发行方 Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States)
年份 1200-1220
类型 Standard circulation coin
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正面描述 登录 以查看详情
正面文字 Latin
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背面描述 Cruciform arrangement featuring two facing bishops' heads and two six-pointed stars alternating in the quarters of a cross. The episcopal heads are rendered with notably broad, heavy features, and a prominent ring is depicted below the crook of the crozier. The composition is boldly struck in the regional Carinthian-Carniolian bracteate-related tradition, with strong relief and schematic detailing typical of the early thirteenth century.
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附加信息

The Friesacher Pfennig — of which this is a regional variant — dominated commerce across the central Alpine lands from the late twelfth century onward, circulated as far east as the Balkans and Hungary, and became the de facto trading currency of the region for well over a century. Carniola's position astride the routes connecting the Adriatic to the Danube basin made its minting output commercially significant far beyond its borders.

The CNA Cr7 classification places this piece within a tightly contested attribution zone where Carinthian and Carniolian issues overlap — a persistent headache for specialists working from die studies alone.

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