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Pfennig - Berthold V of Aquileia Windischgrätz
| Issuer | Patriarchate of Aquileia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1228-1251 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Mint | Windischgrätz (Slovenj Gradec) |
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| Additional information |
Berthold V, Duke of Merania, was appointed Patriarch of Aquileia in 1218 by Pope Honorius III as a deliberate political counterweight to Hohenstaufen influence in northeastern Italy. His tenure coincided with the prolonged struggle between Frederick II and the papacy, forcing Aquileia into a delicate balancing act between imperial and papal loyalties. The Windischgrätz attribution places production at the mint in what is now Slovenj Gradec, one of several regional minting points operating under patriarchal authority in Carinthia and the Slovenian march.