Pfennig - Berthold V of Aquileia Gutenwerth

Berthold V, Duke of Merania, held the Patriarchate of Aquileia from 1218 until his death in 1251 — a tenure marked by persistent friction with Frederick II over temporal jurisdictions in the Friulian marches. The Gutenwerth mint, situated on an island in the Wörthersee in Carinthia, was one of several regional operations the Patriarchate controlled as it pressed its claims across the Alpine passes. These bracteate-influenced pfennigs circulated primarily in the transit economy connecting northern Italy with the Duchy of Carinthia.