Pfennig - Berthold V of Aquileia Gutenwerth

Berthold V, Count of Merania, was appointed Patriarch of Aquileia in 1218 through direct imperial intervention by Frederick II — part of a broader Hohenstaufen strategy to consolidate influence over the critical Alpine passes connecting the Empire to northern Italy. The Gutenwerth mint, on an island in the Wörthersee in Carinthia, was one of several ecclesiastical minting operations Berthold controlled across his temporal domains, reflecting the unusual degree of secular authority wielded by the Aquileian patriarchs at their political peak.