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Pfennig - Berthold IV Windischgrätz
| Issuer | March of Istria-Carniola (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1188-1204 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | Within a beaded inner circle, a large patriarchal or archiepiscopal cross with a globus at the summit rises prominently from the center of the field, flanked on each side by a standing figure rendered in a highly stylized, columnar manner. Below the horizontal arm of the cross, a row of pellets separates the upper design from a lower register containing an architectural element or gateway motif, with a small pellet or annulet at the base. The overall design is characteristic of ecclesiastical pfennig coinage from the Austrian marchlands of the late Romanesque period, executed in shallow relief on an irregular hammered flan. |
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| Additional information |
Berthold IV of Windischgrätz held the march as a ministerial lord under the Babenberg dukes of Austria, and his coins circulated in a region where Latin, Slavic, and German-speaking populations overlapped uneasily. The CNA Ch4 type is among the earliest attributable issues from the Carniolan march and its precise mint location remains unresolved — Windischgrätz itself and Sankt Veit have both been proposed.
Bracteate-influenced penny production in the southeastern Alpine marches was never systematized the way it was in the Rhine or Danube mints, leaving dies cut locally with considerable variation between strikes.