Pfennig - Bernard II Landstraß

发行方	Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States)
年份	1220-1240
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方向	Variable alignment ↺
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正面描述	Frontal bust of Duke Bernard II, crowned and enthroned, depicted in a stylized Romanesque manner within a beaded inner border. The figure holds regalia in each hand, flanked by small heraldic devices or ornamental elements at either side. The architectural canopy or baldachin above the ruler's head is rendered in a simplified arch motif typical of early 13th-century Austrian bracteate-influenced pfennigs. The partial Latin legend [+BER]N - ARDVS is visible around the periphery, partially off-flan due to the irregular hammered planchet. The overall composition reflects the provincial die-cutting style of Carinthian minting workshops of the period.
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正面铭文	[+BER]N - ARDVS
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附加信息	Bernard II ruled Carinthia from 1202 until his death in 1256, and his coinage reflects the fragmented minting authority typical of the early thirteenth-century German duchies, where local lords struck bracteate and thin-flan pfennigs in direct competition with episcopal and ministerial issues circulating through the same markets. The Landstraß designation links this piece to the mint at Landstraß — present-day Kostanjevica na Krki in Slovenia — a fortified settlement Bernard developed as part of his effort to consolidate ducal revenue along the Save corridor.

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