Pfennig - Bernard II Heiligenkreuz

Bernard II ruled Carinthia from 1202 until his death in 1256, and his minting activity at Heiligenkreuz — the "Holy Cross" mint — reflects the broader fragmentation of coinage authority in the duchy during the first half of the thirteenth century. Local ecclesiastical and secular lords struck their own bracteate-influenced pfennigs with considerable independence from any central authority, a pattern the Babenberg dukes to the north never fully managed to suppress.

The CNA Cq61 attribution places this piece within a well-documented but thinly spread type sequence.