Penny 'Holland style' - Arnold V Signvm crvsis

Arnold V ruled Loon during a period when the county was increasingly caught between the competing pressures of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the Duchy of Brabant. The *Signum Crucis* penny type reflects direct imitation of contemporary Holland coinage — a deliberate monetary policy choice, not coincidence, likely aimed at facilitating trade across the Low Countries by producing a recognizable, trusted denomination.

Loon was absorbed into Liège upon Arnold V's death, making this type one of the last independent coinages of the county.