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Penny - Henry I Cross in Quatrefoil type
| Issuer | Kingdom of England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1109 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Central design featuring a short cross pattée at the centre of a quatrefoil formed by four conjoined arcs, each lobe ornamented with a cluster of pellets or trefoil bosses at its outer end, creating the distinctive 'cross in quatrefoil' motif that gives this issue its name. The inner design is set within a plain inner circle, with the moneyer's legend disposed around the outer field reading + ALGAR : ON : LVNDE, identifying the moneyer Ealdgar working at the London Mint. The overall composition is well-centred and typical of the controlled die-cutting of Henry I's monetary reform coinage. |
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| Mintage | 1109: ND (1109) |
| Additional information |
Henry I's Cross in Quatrefoil type belongs to a reign defined by systematic attempts to crack down on moneyer fraud — a persistent problem under William II that Henry addressed through increasingly brutal enforcement. The Assize of 1108 saw dozens of moneyers mutilated, hands and testicles removed, for producing underweight or debased coin. The pennies struck in the immediate years following that assize are among the most carefully produced of the entire Norman period.
North 865 places this type within a sequence of roughly fifteen distinct penny types across Henry's thirty-five year reign, a proliferation driven partly by fiscal control and partly by the need to detect and recall fraudulent issues.